Criminal charges are formal accusations of criminal conduct made by a governmental authority against a person or entity. Criminal charges are usually filed or initiated by a city, county, state, or the federal government, acting through a public prosecutor—also known as a municipal prosecutor, county attorney, district attorney, state attorney general, or United States Attorney (for federal crimes). Criminal charges range from low-level misdemeanors such as traffic tickets to first degree felonies such as capital murder.

The charging document in which the specific crime(s) alleged to have been committed are specified may be referred to as (1) a complaint; (2) an information; (3) an indictment; (4) a citation; or (5) a traffic ticket.

In Idaho, criminal charges are formal allegations of unlawful behavior brought by the government against individuals or entities. These charges can be initiated by various levels of government, including city, county, state, or federal authorities, and are prosecuted by the appropriate public prosecutor, such as a city prosecutor, county prosecutor, or the state's Attorney General. At the federal level, the United States Attorney would handle the prosecution of federal crimes. The severity of criminal charges in Idaho can range from minor misdemeanors, like traffic violations, to serious felonies, including capital murder. The specific criminal accusations are detailed in a charging document, which may take the form of a complaint, information, indictment, citation, or traffic ticket, depending on the nature of the offense and the stage of the criminal process.