Courts are state and federal government institutions with the authority to decide legal disputes and administer justice under the law in civil, criminal, and administrative matters. Courts are generally given this authority under the relevant state or federal constitution, and the relevant state or federal statutes. Courts are generally staffed by (1) one judge (in trial courts) or a panel of judges (in appellate courts) who interpret and apply the law; (2) support staff members that may include administrators (clerks); (3) a court reporter to record court proceedings; and (4) a bailiff to provide security.

The room in which court proceedings are conducted is known as the courtroom, and the building that includes the courtroom is known as the courthouse. The term “the court” may be used to refer to the judge or judges who are presiding over court proceedings. The judges in a state or federal court system are collectively known as the judiciary.

In Vermont, courts operate as part of the state and federal government, with the authority to resolve legal disputes and deliver justice in civil, criminal, and administrative cases. This authority is derived from the Vermont State Constitution and federal constitution, as well as from state and federal statutes. Vermont's court system includes trial courts, where typically a single judge presides, and appellate courts, where a panel of judges may hear appeals. The judiciary in Vermont consists of these judges who interpret and apply the law. Supporting the judges are staff members such as clerks who manage administrative tasks, court reporters who transcribe proceedings, and bailiffs who ensure courtroom security. Court proceedings take place in a courtroom, which is located within a courthouse. The term 'the court' can refer to either the physical courtroom or the judge(s) presiding over the proceedings.