Courts are state and federal government institutions with the authority to decide legal disputes and administer justice under the law in civil, criminal, and administrative matters. Courts are generally given this authority under the relevant state or federal constitution, and the relevant state or federal statutes. Courts are generally staffed by (1) one judge (in trial courts) or a panel of judges (in appellate courts) who interpret and apply the law; (2) support staff members that may include administrators (clerks); (3) a court reporter to record court proceedings; and (4) a bailiff to provide security.

The room in which court proceedings are conducted is known as the courtroom, and the building that includes the courtroom is known as the courthouse. The term “the court” may be used to refer to the judge or judges who are presiding over court proceedings. The judges in a state or federal court system are collectively known as the judiciary.

In Michigan, courts operate at both the state and federal levels to resolve legal disputes and uphold justice in accordance with the law across civil, criminal, and administrative cases. The authority of these courts is derived from the Michigan Constitution and state statutes, as well as the U.S. Constitution and federal laws for federal courts. Michigan's state court system includes various levels, such as the Michigan Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Circuit Courts, District Courts, Probate Courts, and specialized courts like Family Courts. Typically, a single judge presides over trial court proceedings, while appellate matters are handled by a panel of judges. The courts are supported by staff including clerks, court reporters, and bailiffs. Court reporters ensure an accurate record of the proceedings, while bailiffs maintain courtroom security. The term 'court' can refer to the physical space where trials and hearings occur (the courtroom), the building housing these rooms (the courthouse), or the judges who oversee the legal processes. The collective body of judges within the state or federal system is known as the judiciary, and they are responsible for interpreting and applying the law to ensure fair and just outcomes.