Real property or real estate is land and everything that is permanently attached or affixed to the land—buildings, fences, and those things attached to the buildings, such as light fixtures and plumbing and heating fixtures.

Real property includes the legal rights of ownership—such as the rights to possess, sell, use, lease, and enjoy the land. The terms real property and real estate are generally synonymous.

Land is generally defined as the earth’s surface, extending downward to the center of the earth and upward to infinity—including everything that is permanently attached by nature, such as trees and water. Land includes minerals below the earth’s surface and airspace above the land.

Real property is often classified and referenced according to its use as residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, or special purpose property. Real property is generally contrasted with personal property, which includes all movable, tangible things that are not real property.

In Hawaii, real property, also known as real estate, encompasses land and any permanent structures or attachments, such as buildings, fences, and permanent fixtures. The legal rights associated with real property include the ability to possess, sell, lease, use, and enjoy the property. The definition of land in Hawaii extends from the earth's surface to the center of the earth and upward indefinitely, which includes naturally attached resources like trees, water, and mineral rights, as well as airspace. Real property is categorized based on its use, such as residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, or special purpose. This categorization can affect zoning, taxation, and regulatory matters. In contrast, personal property refers to movable items that are not considered part of real estate. Hawaii's real property laws are governed by state statutes, which include provisions for property ownership, transfers, and land use regulations, as well as by federal laws where applicable.