Sex discrimination involves treating someone (a job applicant or employee) unfavorably because of that person's sex. Sex discrimination is a form of employment discrimination that violates federal law—including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. §2000e).

In addition to these federal laws, states also have laws against sex discrimination in employment. These state laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the labor code or employment-related statutes.

Discrimination against an individual because of gender identity—including transgender status or sexual orientation—is discrimination because of sex in violation of Title VII.

The law forbids discrimination when it comes to any aspect of employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoff, training, fringe benefits, and any other term or condition of employment.

For the regulations related to sex discrimination, see the Code of Federal Regulations, beginning with 29 CFR 1604.1.

In Kentucky, sex discrimination in employment is prohibited under both federal and state laws. Federally, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate based on sex in any aspect of employment, which includes hiring, firing, pay, promotions, and other terms of employment. This federal protection has been interpreted to include discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. The relevant federal regulations can be found starting at 29 CFR 1604.1. Additionally, Kentucky has its own set of laws that reinforce these protections. The Kentucky Civil Rights Act (Kentucky Revised Statutes Chapter 344) mirrors federal law and prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sex, among other protected characteristics. This state law applies to employers in Kentucky and provides similar protections against discrimination in various aspects of employment. Victims of sex discrimination in Kentucky may seek recourse through both federal and state enforcement agencies.