The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.

In Kentucky, assault is defined under various degrees with specific statutes outlining the severity and circumstances of the offense. Assault in the first degree, considered a Class B felony, involves intentional serious physical injury to another person or the use of a deadly weapon or instrument. Assault in the second degree, a Class C felony, includes intentional injury with a dangerous instrument or wanton conduct leading to serious physical injury. Assault in the third degree, which is a Class D felony or Class A misdemeanor depending on the victim, often applies to assaults on state employees or peace officers and includes cases where someone recklessly, with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, causes or wants to cause physical injury. Assault in the fourth degree, generally a Class A misdemeanor, involves intentionally or wantonly causing physical injury or placing another in fear of imminent physical injury. Assaulting a police officer or peace officer in Kentucky is indeed a more serious offense and can lead to enhanced penalties, reflecting the state's interest in protecting officials performing their duties.