Unfair competition laws are designed to protect consumers and businesses from unfair, deceptive business or trade practices. Unfair competition claims include trademark infringement, patent infringement, copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and breach of restrictive covenants in employment agreements and contracts for the sale of businesses.

Unfair or deceptive trade practices usually target consumers and include misleading claims about the quality or characteristics of goods or services; bait and switch sales tactics; and the unauthorized substitution of an advertised or represented brand or quality of goods for a lesser brand or quality of goods. Most unfair competition laws are located in state statutes and court opinions (common law). But patent, copyright, and trademark laws that may be the source of unfair competition claims are located in federal statutes.

In Michigan, unfair competition laws are in place to protect both consumers and businesses from deceptive and unethical practices. These laws encompass a range of issues including trademark infringement, patent infringement, copyright infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, and violations of restrictive covenants in employment or business sale contracts. Michigan's Consumer Protection Act (MCPA) prohibits various deceptive, unfair, and unconscionable practices in commerce, which includes false advertising, bait and switch tactics, and the unauthorized substitution of products. Additionally, Michigan follows common law principles that address unfair competition. On the federal level, the Lanham Act governs trademarks and unfair competition, while patents and copyrights are protected under specific federal statutes such as the Patent Act and the Copyright Act. These federal laws provide a framework for addressing unfair competition claims that arise from intellectual property rights infringements.