Subject matter jurisdiction defines a court’s power to decide a lawsuit involving a particular subject matter, and to render an enforceable judgment. A court generally has jurisdiction when the particular claim raised in the case is within its constitutional jurisdiction—as provided by the state constitution or the U.S. Constitution—or because jurisdiction has been mandated by the state legislature or the United States Congress.
In Wyoming, subject matter jurisdiction refers to a court's authority to hear cases of a specific nature. This jurisdiction is determined by both the Wyoming state constitution and legislative statutes, as well as applicable federal laws and the U.S. Constitution. Wyoming's court system is structured with various levels, including the Supreme Court, District Courts, Circuit Courts, and Municipal Courts, each with its own designated jurisdictional boundaries. For example, the District Courts have general jurisdiction over civil and criminal matters, while the Circuit Courts handle lower-level civil cases, misdemeanors, and preliminary hearings in felony cases. The jurisdiction of each court is defined to ensure that cases are heard by the appropriate court capable of rendering an enforceable judgment. Additionally, federal courts may have jurisdiction in Wyoming for matters involving federal law or when there are parties from different states with a dispute amount exceeding a statutory threshold.