A special master or master in chancery is an individual appointed by the court to assist with some part of a lawsuit, such as discovery—depositions, written questions, and production of documents—and to make recommendations to the judge on how to resolve related disputes. Courts have held that discovery questions that require extensive examination of highly technical and complex documents by a person having both a technical and a legal background may constitute an exceptional condition sufficient to justify the appointment of a master to supervise such discovery.

In Mississippi, a special master, sometimes referred to as a master in chancery, is an individual appointed by the court to assist in various aspects of a lawsuit, particularly when the case involves complex issues that require specialized expertise. The appointment of a special master is governed by Rule 53 of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. This rule allows a court to appoint a special master to perform duties consented to by the parties or prescribed by the court, which can include overseeing discovery processes. The use of a special master is typically justified when the discovery involves the examination of highly technical and complex documents that necessitate a person with both technical knowledge and a legal background. The special master reports to the court and makes recommendations on how to resolve disputes related to their assignment. The court may adopt, modify, or reject the special master's recommendations, or recommit them with instructions. The appointment of a special master is considered an exceptional measure, used when the circumstances of the case present issues beyond the typical scope of judicial expertise or when it would significantly aid in the efficient resolution of the case.