A special master or master in chancery is an individual appointed by the court to assist with some part of a lawsuit, such as discovery—depositions, written questions, and production of documents—and to make recommendations to the judge on how to resolve related disputes. Courts have held that discovery questions that require extensive examination of highly technical and complex documents by a person having both a technical and a legal background may constitute an exceptional condition sufficient to justify the appointment of a master to supervise such discovery.

In Louisiana, a special master, also known as a master in chancery, is an individual appointed by the court to assist with complex aspects of a lawsuit, particularly during the discovery phase. This role is recognized under Louisiana law and federal law when cases are in federal court. The appointment of a special master is typically justified under exceptional conditions, such as when the discovery process involves the examination of highly technical and complex documents that require expertise beyond the legal knowledge of the attorneys and the court. The special master's duties may include overseeing depositions, managing the exchange of written questions and answers, and handling the production of documents. They also make recommendations to the judge on how to resolve disputes related to the discovery process. The use of a special master is intended to streamline the legal proceedings and provide specialized knowledge in cases where it is necessary for the fair and efficient administration of justice.