Evidence is anything that tends to prove or disprove a material or relevant fact alleged in a lawsuit or other legal proceeding. Witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video images, and voice recordings are common pieces of evidence.
In Alabama, evidence is regulated by both state statutes and rules of court, specifically the Alabama Rules of Evidence. These rules govern the admissibility of evidence in legal proceedings in Alabama courts. Evidence must be relevant to be admissible, meaning it must have any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence, and the fact must be of consequence in determining the action. Common forms of evidence include witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video images, and voice recordings. The Alabama Rules of Evidence also address the authentication of evidence, the hearsay rule and its exceptions, expert testimony, and the preservation of evidence for appeal. The rules are designed to ensure that the evidence presented is fair and reliable, and they provide a framework for judges to determine what evidence may be considered by a jury or in a bench trial.