Evidence is anything that tends to prove or disprove a material or relevant fact alleged in a lawsuit or other legal proceeding. Witness testimony, documents, contracts, email messages, photographs, medical bills, video images, and voice recordings are common pieces of evidence.
In Alaska, as in other jurisdictions, evidence is crucial in legal proceedings to establish the truth of disputed facts. The Alaska Rules of Evidence govern the admissibility and use of evidence in both civil and criminal cases. These rules determine what evidence is relevant, and relevance is defined as evidence having any tendency to make a fact more or less probable than it would be without the evidence. The types of evidence mentioned, such as witness testimony, documents, and electronic communications, must all adhere to these rules to be considered by the court. For instance, witness testimony is subject to the credibility assessments, documents must be authenticated, and electronic evidence must be shown to be reliable and preserved from tampering. Additionally, evidence must not only be relevant but also not outweighed by factors such as potential to cause unfair prejudice, confusion, or waste of time as per Rule 403 of the Alaska Rules of Evidence.