The law often intersects with nonhuman animals, including companion animals (pets), exotic or wild animal pets, and livestock. For example, state laws dictate the ways in which people must handle and confine these animals (if they may be confined at all), and the animal owner's legal responsibility for personal injuries and property damages caused by such animals.

In New Mexico, the law regarding nonhuman animals encompasses various statutes that address the treatment, confinement, and owner responsibilities for different types of animals, including pets, exotic or wild animal pets, and livestock. For companion animals, New Mexico has anti-cruelty statutes that prohibit neglect and abuse, and there are specific regulations for the confinement of dogs and cats to ensure their welfare. Owners of exotic or wild animals must comply with state regulations that may include permits, specific caging requirements, and restrictions on certain species. Livestock laws in New Mexico cover the proper treatment of farm animals and include regulations on branding, grazing, and transportation. Additionally, animal owners in New Mexico are generally liable for any personal injuries or property damage caused by their animals, especially if negligence in the animal's confinement or control can be demonstrated. This liability extends to incidents involving bites or attacks by pets, as well as damages caused by livestock. Local ordinances may also impose further restrictions or requirements on animal ownership and confinement.