A qualified terminable interest property (QTIP) trust is an estate planning tool that allows the person making the trust (the grantor or settlor) to leave assets for their surviving spouse and direct how the assets remaining in the trust will be distributed to named beneficiaries at the death of the surviving spouse. QTIP trusts are irrevocable (cannot be revoked). At least one trustee (person or entity) must be appointed by the trust to manage the assets of the trust.

A QTIP trust will usually provide regular payments to the surviving spouse—often from the income generated by the assets in the trust. QTIP trusts are often used when the grantor remarries and has children from a previous marriage. If the grantor dies before the grantor’s subsequent spouse dies, the QTIP trust will make income payments to the subsequent spouse and hold the principal assets that were placed in the trust until the surviving spouse dies—at which point the assets will be distributed to the trust beneficiaries.

At the death of the grantor, the executor of the grantor’s estate will file the estate’s tax return and make an election (the QTIP election) of which assets will be placed in the QTIP trust by listing them on a schedule to the estate’s tax return. The assets in a QTIP trust are not subject to estate tax at the grantor’s death but are subject to estate tax at the death of the grantor’s surviving spouse.

In Michigan, a Qualified Terminable Interest Property (QTIP) trust is a type of trust designed to provide financial support to a surviving spouse while maintaining control over the distribution of the trust assets after the surviving spouse's death. This is particularly useful in situations such as second marriages, where the grantor wishes to provide for the current spouse but also wants to ensure that the remaining assets are passed on to children from a previous marriage or other designated beneficiaries. The QTIP trust is irrevocable, meaning once it is established, it cannot be altered or revoked. The trust's income is typically distributed to the surviving spouse, and the principal is preserved for the beneficiaries. For tax purposes, the assets in the QTIP trust are excluded from the grantor's estate tax at the time of their death, with the estate tax deferred until the death of the surviving spouse. The executor of the estate must make a QTIP election on the estate tax return to specify which assets are placed in the trust. It's important to note that while Michigan law governs the creation and administration of QTIP trusts within the state, federal law, particularly the Internal Revenue Code, governs the tax treatment of these trusts.