Due to limited resources many states use speed enforcement cameras—also known as photo or video enforcement—to take a digital photograph or video of a vehicle (and its license plate) that violates the speed limit. The use of speed enforcement cameras to issue speeding tickets or citations (mailed to the driver) has been controversial, with claims that it violates Constitutional rights.

Laws vary from state to state and in some states speed enforcement cameras are a permitted enforcement tool; in some states they are prohibited; and in some states they are prohibited unless permitted by a local ordinance (city or town).

To measure the speed of a moving vehicle and issue speeding tickets by photo enforcement, police departments generally use photo or video radar that relies on radio signals and the Doppler Effect or photo and video LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology that relies on lasers rather than radio waves. These devices require training on their proper use and regular calibration to be accurate.

In Virginia, the use of speed enforcement cameras is regulated by state law. As of the knowledge cutoff in 2023, Virginia allows the use of speed cameras in specific circumstances. The Commonwealth permits speed cameras in school crossing zones and highway work zones, with the aim of enhancing safety in these areas. Violations captured by these cameras result in the issuance of fines to the registered owners of the vehicles. However, Virginia does not broadly authorize the use of speed cameras for general speed enforcement throughout the state. The enforcement of speed limits using these cameras is subject to strict rules regarding signage, notification, and the calibration and operation of the equipment. It's important to note that laws can change, and for the most current information, one should consult the Virginia Code or an attorney familiar with traffic law in Virginia.