Laws vary from state to state, but in most states it is a crime or criminal offense for the operator of a motor vehicle to leave the scene of single car accident involving an unattended (unoccupied) vehicle or other property, or to leave the scene of a single car accident involving highway fixtures (barricades, medians, guardrails), traffic control devices (stop signs, yield signs, railroad crossing gate arms, etc.), or other real or personal property (a ditch, embankment, or building).

It is also a criminal offense in most states for the operator of a motor vehicle to leave the scene of an accident involving personal injuries or death—including an accident in which the operator of a motor vehicle strikes a pedestrian or cyclist, for example. And it is a criminal offense in most states for the operator of a motor vehicle to leave the scene of an accident involving multiple motor vehicles.

The duties of an operator of a motor vehicle involved in an accident may vary from state to state and are usually located in a state’s statutes—often in a code titled with a name like “vehicles and traffic” or “transportation,” for example. These duties generally include:

• the duty to share information such as name, address, driver’s license number, and vehicle registration number with other motor vehicle operators involved in the accident, or owners of property involved in the accident—or with the police if such other persons are not able to receive the information;

• the duty to stop and locate or notify the owner of property involved in a motor vehicle accident (such as an unattended motor vehicle or other property) of the accident and of the motor vehicle operator’s name, address, and vehicle registration number, for example;

• the duty to notify the road authority (the state department of transportation, for example) of the accident, and provide the motor vehicle operator’s name, address, driver’s license number, and vehicle registration number, for example;

• the duty to stop and provide any person who suffered personal injuries or death with any reasonable assistance possible, including calling an ambulance to transport such person to the hospital for medical care or evaluation (known as the duty to stop and render aid); and

• the duty to report to the police any accident involving bodily injury or death of any person, or involving property damage.

In Illinois, it is indeed a criminal offense for the operator of a motor vehicle to leave the scene of an accident, whether it involves an unattended vehicle, property damage, or personal injury. Under Illinois law, specifically 625 ILCS 5/11-402, drivers are required to stop after an accident causing damage to an unattended vehicle or property and must either locate the owner or leave a note with their information and report the accident to the police. Additionally, per 625 ILCS 5/11-401, leaving the scene of an accident involving personal injury or death is a more serious offense, with drivers mandated to stop, exchange information, and render aid to the injured. Failure to comply can result in significant penalties, including fines, imprisonment, and driver's license suspension or revocation. The duties of a driver involved in an accident in Illinois align with the general duties outlined, such as sharing information with other parties, notifying the owner of damaged property, reporting to the road authority, providing reasonable assistance to injured persons, and reporting the accident to the police.