All states have laws that prohibit drivers from making an illegal or improper turn. Common examples of illegal or improper turns are:

• U-turns (when there is a No U-Turn sign)

• Making a right or left turn without first moving to the far right or left lane

• Making a right or left turn when there is a sign at the intersection that prohibits such turns (No Right Turn).

The penalty for making an illegal or improper turn usually includes a fine and points on your driver’s license.

As with many traffic violations, the officer issuing the citation and the prosecutor have significant discretion in determining whether there was a violation of a traffic law and whether the violation constitutes a certain offense, as defined by the state legislature in the traffic code or in a municipal ordinance.

This discretion to issue a ticket or citation and prosecute the charge against the driver is balanced by the discretion of the jury or judge in determining whether the prosecution met its burden of proof sufficient to convict the driver (for a criminal offense) or find the driver responsible (for a civil infraction, violation, or offense).

In Alabama, as in all states, there are specific laws that govern the legality of turns made by drivers. Illegal or improper turns include executing a U-turn where it is prohibited by signage, turning without moving to the appropriate lane (far right for right turns, far left for left turns), and making turns where signs indicate such turns are not allowed. The penalties for making such illegal or improper turns typically involve a monetary fine and the addition of points to the driver's license, which can affect insurance rates and driving privileges. Enforcement of these laws is at the discretion of law enforcement officers, who may issue citations based on their judgment of the situation. Prosecutors then decide whether to pursue charges based on the evidence and circumstances. Ultimately, if the case goes to court, it is up to a judge or jury to determine if the prosecution has met its burden of proof to convict the driver in criminal cases or find them responsible in civil matters. It's important to note that traffic laws and penalties can vary by municipality within Alabama, so local ordinances may also apply.