The federal estate tax is a tax on your right to transfer property at your death—whether by will or intestate succession (transfer to heirs when a person dies without a will, as provided by state statute). The estate tax consists of an accounting of everything you own or have certain interests in on the date of your death.

The fair market value of these items is used—not necessarily what you paid for them or what their values were when you acquired them. The total of all your assets at death is your "gross estate." The property included in your gross estate may consist of cash and securities, real estate, insurance, trusts, annuities, business interests and other assets.

In Vermont, as in all states, the federal estate tax applies to the transfer of property at death. The tax is based on the gross estate, which includes all assets owned or interests held by the deceased at the time of death, valued at their fair market value. As of the knowledge cutoff in 2023, the federal estate tax exemption is significantly high, meaning that only estates exceeding a certain value are subject to the tax. For individuals who passed away in 2023, the federal estate tax exemption is $12.92 million. This means that if the total value of the gross estate is below this threshold, no federal estate tax is owed. It's important to note that Vermont does not impose its own state estate tax, so the federal rules are the primary concern for Vermont residents. However, Vermont residents must still consider the federal estate tax when planning their estates, and it is advisable to consult with an attorney for estate planning to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and to explore potential tax-saving strategies.