Laws vary from state to state but students who participate in school athletic activities (sports) are generally considered (under state law) to have assumed or agreed to the risks inherent in such activities. Student athletes are also often required to sign a form acknowledging the risks in the activity, assuming liability for their own potential personal injuries, and waiving any claims against the school, coaches, and school officials.

In rare situations in which student athletes are not properly supervised or provided with adequate protective equipment, schools and school officials may have liability for injuries caused by such negligence.

In addition to a student athlete's assumption of the risks inherent in participating in athletics, public schools are generally immune from liability under the legal doctrine of sovereign immunity that protects governmental entities—including public schools—from lawsuits and legal liability.

In South Dakota, as in many states, student athletes who participate in school sports are generally considered to have assumed the risks associated with such activities. This assumption of risk is often formalized through the signing of a waiver or consent form, where the student acknowledges the inherent dangers and agrees not to hold the school or its officials responsible for any resulting injuries. However, this does not grant schools absolute immunity. If a student athlete is injured due to a lack of proper supervision or inadequate protective equipment, the school may be held liable for negligence. Despite this, public schools in South Dakota, like other governmental entities, benefit from sovereign immunity, which can shield them from lawsuits and liability to a certain extent. This immunity is not absolute and may not apply if the school's actions or inactions constitute gross negligence or if there is a statutory waiver of immunity.