A mineral deed transfers all ownership rights in the assets under the surface of a tract of land—including oil, gas, coal, hydrocarbons, metals, and minerals—from the grantor (seller) to the grantee (buyer). The transfer also includes all rights to receive royalties, profits, or payments related to the assets under the surface of the land.
In Iowa, a mineral deed is a legal document that transfers ownership of minerals and other subsurface assets from the grantor to the grantee. This includes not only the physical minerals but also the rights to any royalties, profits, or payments derived from the extraction and sale of these minerals. The deed must be in writing, signed by the grantor, and should clearly describe the property and the interest being conveyed. It must also be acknowledged by a notary and recorded with the county recorder in the county where the property is located to be effective against third parties. The transfer of mineral rights is subject to both state law and any relevant federal regulations, particularly if the minerals involve federal oil and gas leases or other federally regulated substances.