Adverse possession—sometimes called squatter's rights—occurs when a person or entity who does not own a certain piece of real property occupies or uses it in a way that is adverse to the owner of the property—meaning the use is in conflict or at odds with the property owner’s interests.

If this adverse possession or use of the property meets the legal standard for adverse possession—often described as use that is continuous, exclusive, hostile, open, and notorious—and continues for the prescribed period of time (usually specified in the state statute)—the person or entity adversely possessing or using the property will acquire ownership of the property (title). This ownership will result in the changing of boundary lines.

Because the required adverse possession must be open, obvious, and adverse to the owner’s interests, title may only be acquired by adverse possession to the portion of property that is used in that way.

Adverse possession laws vary from state to state and may be located in a state’s court opinions (also known as common law or case law) or, more often, in its statutes.

In Indiana, adverse possession laws are codified in Indiana Code §§ 32-21-7-1 et seq. To claim ownership of property through adverse possession in Indiana, the possessor must occupy the property continuously for a statutory period of 10 years. The occupation must be hostile (without the owner's permission), actual (exercising control over the property), open and notorious (visible and obvious to anyone), and exclusive (not shared with others, including the owner). Additionally, the possessor must pay the property taxes on the land for the period required by law. If these conditions are met, the possessor may be able to acquire legal title to the property. It's important to note that adverse possession is a complex area of law, and anyone considering or contesting a claim of adverse possession should consult with an attorney to understand the specific requirements and legal implications.