Accidents are a broad category of incidents that may result in personal injuries or property damage. Personal injury refers to an injury to a person’s body—also known as bodily injury—or to their mind or emotional well-being—also referred to as emotional distress. Property damage refers to damage to any kind of real property (real estate) or personal property (all property that is not real estate).

Accidents usually refer to incidents caused by someone else’s negligence rather than by their intentional act. Claims for personal injuries or property damage resulting from an accident or negligent act of another person or entity may create legal liability if the person injured in the accident can prove another person or entity breached their duty of ordinary care in the activity that led to the accident (driving a boat or other watercraft, for example) and that negligence or breach of the duty of ordinary care caused personal injuries or property damage to the claimant.

Legal claims for personal injuries and property damage resulting from accidents are primarily a matter of state law and may be located (1) in the state’s court opinions—also known as cases, case law, or common law—such as for the elements of a negligence claim; or (2) in the state’s statutes when the state legislature has defined the standards for the safe operation of boats and other watercraft on public waterways—such as statutes that prohibit the operation of a boat or watercraft without a license or while intoxicated.

If the operator of a boat or other watercraft violates a statute by speeding, failing to yield a right of way, or operating a boat or watercraft under the influence of alcohol or drugs (BUI/BWI), for example, and the violation of the statute is the primary (proximate) cause of another person’s personal injuries or property damage, the mere violation of the statute may be negligence—known as negligence per se (pronounced “Pur-say”).

In that case, the person or persons who suffered personal injuries or property damage may not have to prove the boat or watercraft operator was negligent in any other way to prove the operator’s liability for the accident.

In Massachusetts, accidents that result in personal injuries or property damage due to someone else's negligence can lead to legal liability. To establish liability, the injured party must demonstrate that the at-fault party breached their duty of ordinary care, such as safely operating a boat or other watercraft, and that this breach caused the injury or damage. Massachusetts law, including both case law and statutes, governs claims for personal injuries and property damage. For instance, if a boat operator violates state statutes by operating the vessel without a license, speeding, failing to yield, or boating under the influence (BUI), and this violation directly causes an accident, this may constitute 'negligence per se.' In such cases, the injured party may not need to provide additional proof of negligence to establish the operator's liability. It's important to note that specific legal standards and procedures apply, and consulting with an attorney can provide guidance tailored to the circumstances of the accident.