Immigration law in the United States generally includes the rights and obligations of persons who are not U.S. citizens to temporarily visit or more permanently reside in the U.S.—and for federal and state governments to enforce immigration laws regarding visitors and residents.

Most immigration law consists of federal statutes and regulations—but many state laws impact both legal and illegal immigrants—including employment checks, E-Verify, law enforcement, driver's license requirements, public benefits restrictions, and more.

In Idaho, as in all states, immigration law is primarily governed by federal statutes and regulations, which dictate the rights and obligations of non-U.S. citizens wishing to enter, reside, or work in the United States. The federal government has the primary authority to enforce immigration laws. However, Idaho has state laws that also affect immigrants, both legal and illegal. For instance, Idaho employers are required to use the federal E-Verify system to check the work eligibility of new hires to ensure they are authorized to work in the U.S. Additionally, Idaho law enforcement may cooperate with federal immigration authorities in certain circumstances. The state also has regulations regarding the issuance of driver's licenses to immigrants and restricts access to certain public benefits for those without lawful status. It's important to note that while state laws can impact immigrants, they must be consistent with federal immigration laws and cannot infringe upon the federal government's exclusive authority over immigration policy.