Government includes the people and resources—as well as departments, agencies, programs, processes, laws, rules, and regulations—that define the relationship between federal, state, and local governments and their citizens. Some legal principles have a unique application when private citizens or entities interact with their governments.

In Wyoming, as in other states, the government is composed of three branches: the executive, led by the Governor; the legislative, consisting of the Wyoming State Legislature; and the judicial, made up of the state's court system. The state government operates various departments and agencies that implement and enforce state laws, rules, and regulations. These entities manage programs and services for the benefit of the citizens. The relationship between the federal, state, and local governments is governed by the principles of federalism, which allocate powers to each level of government as defined by the U.S. Constitution. Wyoming state statutes and federal laws both play a role in delineating the scope of government authority and the rights of individuals when interacting with government entities. Legal principles such as due process, equal protection under the law, and the right to petition the government are particularly important in these interactions. When private citizens or entities in Wyoming interact with the government, they may be subject to specific administrative procedures and have the right to seek judicial review of governmental actions that affect their rights or interests.