Statutes are laws passed by state legislatures (state laws) and by the United States Congress (federal laws). Statutes are one of the primary sources of law in the United States (sometimes referred to as statutory law) and cover a wide variety of legal topics. Courts often rely on statutes to resolve legal disputes (lawsuits) by applying the relevant statutes to the particular set of factual circumstances underlying the dispute.

Courts generally seek the clear and plain meaning of a statute, and if the court finds a statute ambiguous or “ambiguous on its face” (looking only at the words as written) the court may attempt to determine what the legislature intended in enacting the statute—known as legislative intent.

Related statutes are sometimes compiled in groups and referred to as codes—such as the penal code, the family code, or the code of civil procedure. Statutes may be amended (changed) or repealed (eliminated) by the legislature or Congress or declared unconstitutional (and thus unenforceable) by a court.

In Ohio, as in other states, statutes are laws enacted by the state legislature or the United States Congress. These statutes address a broad range of legal issues and serve as a fundamental source of law, alongside case law and administrative regulations. Ohio courts interpret these statutes by seeking their clear and plain meaning. When a statute is ambiguous, courts may look into legislative intent to ascertain what the Ohio General Assembly aimed to achieve when passing the law. Ohio has organized its statutes into codes based on subject matter, such as the Ohio Revised Code, which includes titles like the penal code for criminal laws, the family code for family law matters, and the code of civil procedure for rules governing civil court proceedings. Statutes can be updated or modified through legislative amendments, completely repealed, or struck down as unconstitutional by the judiciary, which would render them unenforceable.