Municipal law generally includes the laws and ordinances specific to a city, town, or county—also known as a municipality. Municipal law often addresses legal issues for which the city or town government is responsible for enforcing—such as zoning restrictions, land use and development, property taxes, sales taxes, trash pickup and disposal, water and sewer service, noise pollution, odor pollution, fire and burning restrictions, police powers, inspection of residential and commercial buildings, and condemnation of buildings.

In New York State, municipal law encompasses the legal framework governing cities, towns, villages, and counties. These local governments have the authority to enact ordinances and regulations pertaining to a variety of issues within their jurisdiction, as long as they do not conflict with state or federal law. Key areas of municipal law include zoning and land use, which dictate how property can be used and developed; property and sales tax regulations; and the provision of essential services such as waste management, water, and sewer systems. Municipalities also regulate matters of public health and safety, including noise and odor pollution, fire safety, and building inspections. They have police powers to enforce these regulations and may impose penalties for non-compliance. Additionally, municipalities can exercise eminent domain to condemn properties for public use, following due process and just compensation requirements. Each municipality in New York has its own set of laws and codes that address these issues, reflecting the unique needs and priorities of the local community.