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Government includes the people and resources—as well as departments, agencies, programs, processes, laws, rules, and regulations—that define the relationship between federal, state, and local governments and their citizens. Some legal principles have a unique application when private citizens or entities interact with their governments.

In Idaho, as in other states, the government is composed of three levels: federal, state, and local. Each level has its own departments, agencies, programs, processes, laws, rules, and regulations that govern the interactions between the government and its citizens. The federal government operates under the U.S. Constitution and federal law, while the state government operates under the Idaho State Constitution and state statutes. Local governments, such as counties and municipalities, operate under charters and ordinances that must comply with both state and federal law. When private citizens or entities interact with the government, they are subject to a unique set of legal principles known as administrative law. This body of law governs the procedures and actions of government agencies, and ensures that their decisions comply with the law and respect the rights of individuals. In Idaho, the Idaho Administrative Procedure Act (IDAPA) provides the framework for how state agencies develop and enforce rules, and how citizens can participate in that process or challenge agency decisions.

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