Workers’ compensation insurance laws and requirements for employers vary from state to state, but private employers can generally choose whether to carry workers' compensation insurance coverage. A workers' compensation insurance policy provides lost wages and medical benefits to employees injured on the job—and death benefits for the spouse and dependents (children) of a worker who dies in a work-related accident.

Under workers’ compensation laws in many states employers who subscribe to workers’ compensation insurance receive a significant legal protection—they cannot be sued by an injured employee (or the estate of a deceased employee) unless the employer was grossly negligent (more negligent than simple, ordinary negligence).

In other words, if an employer has workers’ compensation insurance, that is usually the exclusive remedy for an injured employee (known as the exclusive remedy provision in the statute), and the insurance coverage bars an injured employee from suing the employer (known as the workers’ compensation bar).

An employer who does not purchase or subscribe to workers’ compensation insurance is known as a nonsubscriber. Workers’ compensation laws are usually located in a state’s statutes.

In Connecticut, workers' compensation insurance is mandatory for all employers, regardless of the number of employees, with very few exceptions. This insurance provides benefits to employees who suffer work-related injuries or illnesses, including coverage for medical expenses, a portion of lost wages, and death benefits for dependents of workers who die as a result of their employment. Connecticut's workers' compensation system operates under an exclusive remedy provision, meaning that for most cases, employees cannot sue their employers for work-related injuries if the employer has workers' compensation insurance. Instead, they must file a claim through the workers' compensation system. Employers who fail to provide workers' compensation insurance may face severe penalties, including fines, criminal charges, and civil liability for injured employees. The Connecticut Workers' Compensation Act outlines the specific requirements and is found in Chapter 568 of the Connecticut General Statutes.