Embezzlement is the fraudulent taking of property by a person to whom the property has been entrusted (or who is in lawful possession of it). The crime of embezzlement is often committed by an employee who embezzles money from the employee’s employer while lawfully handling or controlling the money in the course of the employer’s business operations.

Common forms of embezzlement include an employee (1) transferring money from an employer’s business account to the employee’s personal account; (2) altering the company’s records or books to conceal revenue or income to the employer (which the employee takes); (3) creating fictitious vendors and depositing funds payable to the fictitious vendors into bank accounts controlled by the employee; and (4) charging personal expenses to a business or corporate credit card.

Embezzlement differs from larceny or theft in that the original taking of the property was lawful, or with the consent of the owner—while in larceny or theft the felonious intent must have existed at the time of the taking.

Embezzlement of funds or property from a private employer is usually prosecuted under state law, and the definitions and penalties for the criminal charge of embezzlement are usually included in a state’s statutes. Embezzlement may often be prosecuted as a misdemeanor offense if the amount taken is relatively small (up to $1,500 for example)—or prosecuted as a felony offense for larger amounts of money. Felony convictions for embezzlement often include lengthy jail or prison sentences.

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requires embezzled funds to be reported as income on an embezzler’s tax return. Because embezzlers rarely report their embezzled funds as income, embezzlers are often prosecuted for federal tax evasion as well as the underlying crime of embezzlement.

Embezzlement is also a crime under federal law if the money or property embezzled belongs to the United States government, or is made under contract with the United States government. See 18 U.S.C. §641.

In Idaho, embezzlement is considered a form of property theft and is covered under the state's theft statutes. The crime involves the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property by a person to whom it has been entrusted, typically occurring in an employment setting. Idaho Code § 18-2403 defines theft, which includes embezzlement, and the penalties vary based on the value of the property taken. For amounts less than $1,000, it is generally treated as petit theft, a misdemeanor. For amounts exceeding $1,000, it is considered grand theft, which can be charged as a felony and may result in more severe penalties, including imprisonment. Additionally, embezzlers in Idaho may face federal charges if they fail to report the embezzled funds as income, leading to potential tax evasion charges by the IRS. If the embezzlement involves federal funds or contracts, it could also be prosecuted under federal law, specifically 18 U.S.C. §641, which makes it a crime to embezzle or steal public money, property, or records.