Employers have traditionally asked job applicants and employees to state whether they have any felony criminal convictions by checking a box yes or no. And employers in most states still inquire about felony criminal convictions—but thirteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted ban-the-box or chance-to-compete laws that prohibit employers from asking this question—at least in an initial job application. These states include California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington. And more than 30 states have similar laws that apply to government employers.

The (federal) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has stated that a rigid policy of inquiring about criminal convictions and denying employment on that basis may violate federal antidiscrimination laws, as such a policy may have a disparate impact on certain racial groups. The EEOC encourages employers to make the decision on a case-by-case basis after considering the nature of the job, the severity of the criminal offense, and the amount of time that has elapsed since the criminal conviction. Beginning in 2021, federal agencies and contractors may not inquire into an applicant’s criminal history until after a conditional offer has been made.

And many states have laws that prohibit employers from considering arrest records, as arrest records are distinct from conviction records and arrests are not a determination or adjudication of guilt. Laws regarding the ability of employers to ask job applicants and employees about arrest and criminal convictions vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes.

There are serious potential consequences to a job applicant or employee not disclosing a felony conviction when asked—including (1) loss of employment when the employer receives the results of a background check that includes the conviction, and (2) loss of unemployment benefits because the termination is for the employee’s untruthfulness.

In Louisiana (LA), there is currently no statewide 'ban-the-box' law that applies to private employers, which means that private employers can ask about criminal history on job applications. However, federal regulations and guidance from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) apply. The EEOC advises against blanket policies that exclude candidates with criminal records and recommends that employers assess applicants on a case-by-case basis, considering the nature and gravity of the offense, the time that has passed, and the nature of the job sought. This approach is to prevent discrimination and ensure fair hiring practices. Additionally, as of 2021, federal agencies and contractors are restricted from asking about criminal history until after a conditional job offer has been made. While Louisiana does not have a statewide law for private employers, it is important for employers to be aware of these federal guidelines and to conduct individualized assessments to avoid potential discrimination claims. Furthermore, if an employer in Louisiana asks about felony convictions and an applicant or employee fails to disclose them, they could face termination or loss of unemployment benefits if the omission is discovered.