The effects of specific drugs on driving skills differ depending on how they act in the brain. For example, marijuana can slow reaction time, impair judgment of time and distance, and decrease coordination. Drivers who have used cocaine or methamphetamine can be aggressive and reckless when driving. Certain kinds of prescription medicines—including benzodiazepines and opioids—can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impair cognitive functioning (thinking and judgment). All of these effects can increase the chances of vehicle accidents.

Research studies have shown negative effects of marijuana on drivers, including an increase in lane weaving, poor reaction time, and altered attention to the road. Use of alcohol with marijuana makes drivers more impaired, causing even more lane weaving. Some studies report that opioids can cause drowsiness and impair thinking and judgment. Other studies have found that being under the influence opioids while driving can double your risk of having a crash.

For these reasons, many states have laws making it a criminal offense to operate a vehicle under the influence of or while impaired or intoxicated by legal or illegal prescription or recreational drugs, for example—known as drugged driving or driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). And a driver’s use of a prescription medication is not a defense to operating a vehicle while impaired or intoxicated by the medication.

In many states the DUI/DWI statutes are broad enough to prosecute a driver who is under the influence of or impaired or intoxicated by prescription or recreational drugs—as well as alcohol or any other substance, including an inhalant with a vapor-releasing substance. And at least 15 states have per se (pronounced purr-say) drugged driving laws that make it a criminal offense to drive with any detectable amount of certain drugs in your system, or with a minimum prohibited amount of certain drugs, as provided in the state’s statutes. These states include Arizona, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin.

Drugged driving laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal code or criminal code.

In Arkansas, driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a serious criminal offense. This includes the use of illegal drugs, prescription medications, and over-the-counter substances that impair driving abilities. Arkansas law recognizes the diverse effects of different drugs on driving skills, such as delayed reaction times, impaired judgment, and decreased coordination. The state's DUI laws are comprehensive and prohibit operating a vehicle while intoxicated or impaired by any substance, not just alcohol. This means that even if a drug is legally prescribed, a driver can still face DUI charges if the medication impairs their ability to drive safely. Arkansas does not have a per se drugged driving law that makes it an offense to drive with any detectable amount of certain drugs in one's system. Instead, impairment is typically determined through field sobriety tests and chemical tests, such as blood or urine analysis. If a driver is found to be impaired by drugs while driving, they can be charged with DUI, which carries penalties including fines, license suspension, and possible jail time.