Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.

Parties often represent themselves (without a lawyer) in divorce proceedings and in actions seeking to modify child custody, child support, and spousal support. Because of the sometimes complex and procedure-oriented nature of these legal proceedings, persons considering representing themselves should consider hiring a lawyer on a limited-representation basis if possible to avoid losing important personal and property rights.

In New York, 'pro se' representation is the act of representing oneself in a court without the assistance of an attorney. Individuals have the right to appear pro se in both civil and criminal cases. However, when it comes to legal entities such as corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, or other types of organizations, they are required by law to be represented by a licensed attorney in court proceedings. Self-representation is particularly common in family law matters, including divorce, child custody modifications, child support, and spousal support. While individuals may choose to represent themselves, New York courts often advise considering at least limited representation by an attorney due to the complex nature of legal procedures and the risk of losing significant rights related to personal and property matters.