In most states the law treats the spouses’ ownership and possession of pets or companion animals following divorce like other items of personal property, such as household furnishings. If one spouse owned the pet before the marriage the pet will generally be deemed that spouse’s separate property and ownership and possession will remain with that spouse following divorce. But if the spouses acquired the pet during marriage it will be marital property (community property in community property states) and the court may award ownership of the pet to one spouse as part of the division of the marital property—sometimes using a “best interests” standard similar to the standard used in child custody determinations.

In some divorces the spouses are able to agree to a custody-sharing arrangement for a pet. And a few states (California, Illinois, and Alaska) have enacted statutes that allow family courts to treat the custody and care of children more similarly to care (support) and custody issues for children. In these states the well-being of the pet is the guiding factor for the courts in making such decisions.

In Indiana, pets are generally considered personal property in the context of divorce. If a pet was owned by one spouse prior to the marriage, it is typically regarded as that spouse's separate property, and ownership will remain with that spouse after the divorce. Conversely, if the pet was acquired during the marriage, it is considered marital property. Indiana does not follow community property laws; instead, it is an equitable distribution state, meaning that marital property is divided in a manner that is fair but not necessarily equal. The court may award ownership of the pet to one spouse as part of the property division process. While Indiana courts do not have specific statutes that address pet custody in the same manner as child custody, the court may consider various factors to determine the best arrangement for the pet's care. If the divorcing spouses can agree on a custody-sharing arrangement for the pet, the court will often honor this agreement. Indiana has not adopted the specific statutes like those in California, Illinois, and Alaska, which allow family courts to consider the well-being of the pet as a primary factor in making custody decisions.