Most states allow spouses seeking a divorce to allege fault in the breakup of the marriage as a basis for the divorce. Alleging the other spouse’s fault—rather than seeking the divorce on no-fault grounds (irreconcilable differences or incompatibility, making the marriage unsustainable)—is generally a basis for requesting the court make an uneven distribution of the marital or community property in favor of the spouse alleging the other’s spouse’s fault.

In states that allow a spouse to seek a divorce on fault grounds, the grounds that may be alleged vary from state to state, but generally include adultery, cruelty, conviction of a felony, family or domestic violence, abandonment, mental illness, and substance abuse (drugs and alcohol). Spouses may also seek a divorce on no-fault grounds in these states.

In no-fault states, a spouse is not allowed to allege fault as grounds for the divorce, and the court is not allowed to consider fault in dividing the marital or community property—but allegations of fault may be considered for other purposes, such as spousal support and child custody. No-fault states include California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. And in some states “incurable insanity” is a no-fault ground for divorce.

The grounds on which a spouse may seek a divorce (fault or no-fault) are usually located in a state’s statutes—often in the family code or domestic relations code.

In New Mexico (NM), spouses seeking a divorce have the option to file on either fault or no-fault grounds. No-fault divorce is based on incompatibility, which means that the spouses agree that their marriage cannot be sustained. On the other hand, fault-based divorces can be sought for various reasons, including adultery, abandonment, cruel and inhuman treatment, and others as defined by state statutes. While New Mexico allows for the division of marital property without regard to fault, fault can still play a role in certain aspects of the divorce proceedings, such as spousal support and child custody. It is important to note that the specifics of how fault impacts the division of property and other divorce-related issues can be complex and may require the guidance of an attorney to navigate the legal intricacies.