Contempt of court is broadly defined as disobedience to or disrespect of a court by acting in opposition to its authority. Contempt of court may be punished by the court with civil penalties (fines) and criminal punishment (confinement in jail).
In Ohio, contempt of court is addressed under both state statutes and case law. It is an act that disobeys or disrespects the authority, justice, or dignity of the court. Contempt can be civil or criminal, depending on the nature of the contemptuous action. Civil contempt is typically used to compel someone to comply with a court order, such as paying child support or alimony, and may result in fines or other penalties until compliance is achieved. Criminal contempt, on the other hand, punishes behavior that obstructs the administration of justice or is directly disrespectful to the court, such as refusing to testify, disrupting court proceedings, or defying a court order where the act has already been completed. Criminal contempt can result in fines and incarceration. The specific procedures and penalties for contempt are outlined in the Ohio Revised Code and interpreted by state case law. Judges have considerable discretion in determining what constitutes contempt and the appropriate punishment.