Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In West Virginia, alternative sentencing options are available to judges as a means to provide punishment other than traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address specific circumstances of the offender or the offense and can include fines, restitution payments to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication where judgment is postponed. Suspended sentences allow the imposition of a sentence to be delayed under certain conditions. Community service is another common alternative, requiring the offender to perform a set number of hours of service to the community. Diversion programs are designed to redirect offenders, often first-time offenders, away from the criminal justice system, typically through education and rehabilitation efforts. Drug and alcohol treatment programs may be mandated for those whose offenses are related to substance abuse. House arrest confines an offender to their home, sometimes monitored by electronic devices. Breathalyzer or ignition interlock devices (IIDs) may be required for those convicted of driving under the influence (DUI). Educational programs, such as those teaching about the consequences of crime, may also be ordered. These alternative sentences aim to rehabilitate offenders, reduce recidivism, and alleviate overcrowded prison systems, while still holding offenders accountable for their actions.