Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In New York State, alternative sentences are legal options that judges can impose instead of traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address specific circumstances of the offender or the offense and can include fines, restitution to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication where judgment is postponed. Suspended sentences allow the court to delay serving time under certain conditions. Community service is another common alternative, requiring the offender to perform work for the benefit of the community. Diversion programs are tailored to rehabilitate offenders, often in cases involving drug or alcohol abuse, and may include mandatory treatment programs. House arrest confines an individual to their home instead of jail. Breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation is a typical requirement for DUI offenders to prevent further incidents. Educational programs may also be mandated, where offenders learn about the consequences of crime and the impact of their actions. These alternative sentences aim to rehabilitate offenders, reduce recidivism, and alleviate the burden on the prison system.