Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In New Mexico, alternative sentences are legal options that judges can use to punish offenders without imposing traditional jail or prison terms or the death penalty. These alternative sentences can include fines, restitution payments to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication, where the judge withholds a formal conviction while the offender completes certain requirements. Suspended sentences allow the offender to avoid incarceration if they comply with certain conditions. Community service is another alternative that requires offenders to perform work for the benefit of the community. Diversion programs are designed to redirect offenders from the traditional criminal justice process into a program of supervision and services. Drug and alcohol treatment programs may be mandated for offenders with substance abuse issues. House arrest confines an offender to their home instead of jail. Breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation may be required for DUI offenders to prevent them from operating a vehicle while impaired. Educational programs may also be ordered, requiring offenders to learn about the consequences of crime and criminal behavior. These alternatives aim to rehabilitate offenders, reduce recidivism, and alleviate overcrowded prisons.