Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In New Hampshire, alternative sentences are legal options that judges can use to divert individuals from traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address the specific circumstances of the offender and the offense, and can include fines, restitution payments to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication where judgment is postponed. Suspended sentences allow the court to delay serving time in prison as long as the individual complies with certain conditions. Community service is another alternative that requires the offender to perform work for the benefit of the community. Diversion programs are tailored to rehabilitate offenders, often in lieu of prosecution, and may focus on drug and alcohol treatment, education, or counseling. House arrest confines an individual to their home instead of jail. The use of breathalyzer or ignition interlock devices (IIDs) may be mandated for those convicted of driving under the influence. Educational programs may also be required, aiming to teach offenders about the consequences of crime and to encourage lawful behavior. These alternative sentences are considered based on factors such as the nature of the crime, the defendant's criminal history, and the potential for rehabilitation.