Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In Maryland, alternative sentences are legal options that judges can use to divert individuals from traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address specific issues related to the offense or the offender's circumstances and can include fines, restitution payments to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication where judgment is postponed. Suspended sentences allow the court to delay serving time under certain conditions. Community service is another alternative that may be ordered, requiring the offender to perform work for the benefit of the community. Diversion programs are tailored to address underlying problems such as substance abuse or mental health issues, and may involve mandatory participation in drug and alcohol treatment programs. House arrest confines an individual to their home instead of jail, sometimes monitored by electronic devices. Breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation in a vehicle is a common requirement for DUI offenders. Educational programs may also be mandated, where offenders learn about the consequences of crime and criminal behavior. These alternative sentences aim to rehabilitate offenders, reduce recidivism, and alleviate the burden on the prison system.