Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In Massachusetts, alternative sentencing options are available to judges as a means to provide a punishment other than traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address the specific circumstances of the offense and the offender, and can include fines, restitution to victims, probation, and deferred adjudication where the offender's compliance with certain conditions can lead to a dismissal of charges. Suspended sentences are also an option, allowing the offender to avoid jail time if they meet court-ordered conditions. Community service is frequently used as a way for offenders to give back to the community. Diversion programs, particularly for first-time and non-violent offenders, can redirect individuals away from the criminal justice system and towards rehabilitative services. Drug and alcohol treatment programs may be mandated for those whose offenses are related to substance abuse. House arrest and electronic monitoring are alternatives that restrict an offender's movement. Additionally, the installation of breathalyzer or ignition interlock devices (IIDs) may be required for DUI offenders. Educational programs that focus on crime prevention and the impact of criminal behavior may also be part of an alternative sentence. These options are considered based on the nature of the crime, the defendant's criminal history, and the goal of promoting rehabilitation while ensuring public safety.