Alternative sentences include the sentences or punishments a judge may give, other than a traditional jail or prison term, or the death penalty. Alternative sentences are often given in combinations of fines, restitution, probation, deferred adjudication, suspended sentences, community service, diversion programs, drug and alcohol treatment programs, house arrest, breathalyzer or ignition interlock device (IID) installation, and teaching or attending classes regarding crime and criminal behavior.

In Iowa, alternative sentences are legal options that judges can use to divert individuals from traditional incarceration or the death penalty. These alternatives are designed to address the specific circumstances of the offender and the offense, and often aim to rehabilitate rather than solely punish. Common forms of alternative sentencing in Iowa include fines, restitution payments to victims, probation, and deferred judgments where the conviction may not be entered on the record if the individual complies with certain conditions. Suspended sentences are also used, where the jail or prison time is not immediately enforced but may be if the individual violates the terms of their release. Community service is frequently ordered as a way to give back to the community, and diversion programs can redirect offenders into educational or treatment programs. For drug and alcohol-related offenses, treatment programs and the requirement to use breathalyzer or ignition interlock devices (IIDs) are common. House arrest is another alternative that allows individuals to serve their sentence in their own home under strict conditions. Educational classes on crime and its impacts may also be mandated. These alternative sentences are typically considered for non-violent offenders, first-time offenders, or those whose crimes are deemed suitable for such measures.