Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In Ohio, 'pro se' representation refers to the act of an individual representing themselves in a legal proceeding without the assistance of an attorney. This is permissible in both civil and criminal cases. Individuals may choose to go pro se for various reasons, including financial constraints or a desire to maintain personal control over their legal affairs. However, while individuals have the right to represent themselves, there are limitations. For example, non-human entities such as corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, or other legal entities are required by law to be represented by a licensed attorney in court. This is because these entities are considered separate legal 'persons' and require professional legal representation to navigate the complexities of the law. It is important for anyone considering pro se representation to be aware of the challenges it may present, including the need to understand and follow procedural rules and legal standards that apply to their case.