Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In New York, 'pro se' representation refers to the practice of an individual representing themselves in a legal proceeding without the assistance of an attorney. This is permissible in both civil and criminal cases. Individuals may choose to act pro se for various reasons, including financial constraints or a desire to maintain personal control over their legal affairs. However, while individuals have the right to represent themselves, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, and other legal entities must be represented by a licensed attorney in court. This requirement is based on the principle that such entities are separate legal 'persons' and can only act through agents, including attorneys, who are authorized to practice law.