Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In North Dakota, 'pro se' representation refers to the practice of an individual representing themselves in a legal proceeding without the assistance of an attorney. This is permissible in both civil and criminal cases. Individuals may choose to act pro se for various reasons, including financial constraints or a desire to maintain personal control over their legal affairs. However, while individuals have the right to represent themselves, there are limitations when it comes to entities such as corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, or other legal entities. Under North Dakota law, these entities must be represented by a licensed attorney in court proceedings. This requirement is in place because such entities are considered separate legal 'persons' and require professional legal representation to ensure that the legal proceedings are conducted properly and the entity's legal rights are adequately protected.