Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In West Virginia (WV), forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized by both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in WV are involved in the examination and analysis of evidence from crime scenes, contributing to the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases, as well as exonerating the innocent. The state adheres to standards and practices that ensure the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence in court. Common forensic disciplines practiced include DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, firearms examination, handwriting analysis, fire and explosive investigation, toxicology, and digital evidence analysis. Forensic practitioners may work in various settings such as medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private firms. Additionally, federal forensic services are provided by agencies such as the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain their own laboratories and support law enforcement across the nation, including in WV. State statutes and federal laws govern the use of forensic science, ensuring that evidence collection and analysis adhere to legal and scientific standards to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.