Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In South Carolina, forensic science plays a critical role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. The state adheres to regulations and standards that govern the collection, preservation, and analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic scientists in South Carolina may work in various settings, including state-run crime labs, medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, and private firms. These experts specialize in areas such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives investigation, toxicology, and digital forensics. South Carolina law enforcement agencies collaborate with federal entities like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which operate their own forensic labs. The South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) operates a forensic laboratory that provides services to state and local law enforcement. The state ensures that forensic practitioners are properly trained and that their work complies with both state statutes and federal guidelines to maintain the integrity of the criminal justice process.