Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Rhode Island, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal cases. The state adheres to standards and regulations that govern the practice of forensic science to ensure the accuracy and reliability of evidence presented in court. Forensic scientists in Rhode Island may work in various settings, including state or local government laboratories, medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private sector labs. They may specialize in areas such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, latent fingerprints, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives investigation, toxicology, and digital forensics. The Rhode Island Department of Health operates the state's forensic laboratories, and these labs must comply with state statutes as well as federal guidelines, such as those set by the FBI's Quality Assurance Standards for Forensic DNA Testing Laboratories when handling DNA evidence. Additionally, forensic practitioners may be required to testify as expert witnesses in court to explain their findings and methodologies. The federal government also has a presence in forensic science through agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain their own specialized forensic laboratories that can be utilized in cases with federal jurisdiction.