Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Nevada, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Nevada work to provide objective analysis of evidence collected from crime scenes, which can be pivotal in the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases, or in exonerating those wrongly accused. The state adheres to various standards and protocols to ensure the reliability and integrity of forensic evidence. Nevada's forensic science laboratories may specialize in several disciplines, including DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, latent fingerprints, firearms and toolmarks, handwriting, fire and explosives, toxicology, and digital evidence. These professionals may be employed by state agencies, such as the Nevada Department of Public Safety, which operates the state's forensic laboratory, as well as by medical examiners, universities, and private entities. Additionally, federal forensic resources are available through agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain their own specialized forensic labs and may collaborate with state authorities on certain cases.