Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Nebraska, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Nebraska work to provide objective analysis of evidence collected from crime scenes, which can be pivotal in the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases, as well as in exonerating the innocent. The state adheres to various standards and protocols to ensure the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence. Nebraska's forensic science laboratories may be affiliated with state law enforcement agencies, medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or operate as private entities. At the federal level, agencies such as the ATF, DEA, and FBI maintain their own forensic laboratories, which can also assist in Nebraska cases, especially those that involve federal jurisdiction or cross-state matters. The use of forensic evidence in Nebraska is subject to state statutes and federal laws that govern the collection, analysis, and presentation of forensic data in court proceedings.